THE DIRECT METHOD

The direct method of teaching was developed as a response to the Grammar-Translation method. It sought to immerse the learner in the same way as when a first language is learnt. All teaching is done in the target language, grammar is taught inductively, there is a focus on speaking and listening, and only useful ‘everyday' language is taught. The weakness in the Direct Method is its assumption that a second language can be learnt in exactly the same way as a first, when in fact the conditions under which a second language is learnt are very different.

Characteristics

• Classroom instructions are conducted exclusively in the target language.
• Only everyday vocabulary and sentences are taught during the initial phase; grammar, reading and writing are introduced in intermediate phase.
• Oral communication skills are built up in a carefully graded progression organized around question-and-answer exchanges between teachers and students in small, intensive classes.
• Grammar is taught inductively.
• New teaching points are introduced orally.
• Concrete vocabulary is taught through demonstration, objects, and pictures; abstract vocabulary is taught by association of ideas.
• Both speech and listening comprehensions are taught.
• Correct pronunciation and grammar are emphasized.
• Student should be speaking at least 80% of the time during the lesson.
• Students are taught from inception to ask questions as well as answer them.

Disadvantages

• Does not pay attention to writing, reading and comprehension
• It was hard for public schools to integrate it.

Advantages

• It is a natural method which teaches language the same way the mother tongue is acquired.
• Its emphasis on speech made it more attractive for those who have needs of real communication in the target language
• It was one of the first methods to introduce the teaching of vocabulary through Realia.

Here is an example of a class with the Direct Method

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